World's longest rail tunnel completed
Switzerland opened the world’s longest and deepest rail tunnel through the heart of the Alps on Wednesday. The 57.1 km Gotthard Base Tunnel was 17 years under construction and is part of a 23 billion Swiss franc infrastructure project to speed passengers and cargo by rail under the mountain chain that divides Europe’s north and south.
The project came in on schedule and on budget.
High-speed trains will whisk passengers in 17 minutes through a passage that took days until the first Alpine rail tunnel opened in 1882. Around 260 freight trains and 65 passenger trains will traverse the two-tube tunnel daily once final testing ends later this year.
The tunnel along Europe’s main rail line that connects the ports of Rotterdam in the north to Genoa in the south snakes through the mountains as much as 2.3 km below daylight and through rock as hot as 46°C.
The rail route goes over the pass now in a series of loops and tunnels. The new flat route means even heavy trains will need only one locomotive rather than two or three.
Engineers had to dig and blast through 73 kinds of rock as hard as granite and as soft as sugar, and nine workers died in the project.
The venture is being financed by value-added and fuel taxes, road charges on heavy vehicles and state loans that are due to be repaid within a decade.
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